Restless legs syndrome and depression-anxiety disorder association in iron deficiency anemia patients

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a disorder in which the person experiences a strong urge to move their legs or other extremities during rest. This urge to move is associated with tingling, pulling or other unpleasant and uncomfortable feelings; it usually slowly increases in the affected limb and often affects sleep. The incidence in general population is 5-15%. Although the pathophysiology is not fully understood, it was thought to result from the iron and dopamine metabolism irregularities and also has a genetic component. There are publications that show the frequency of disease in patients with iron deficiency or renal failure reaches up to 80%. In this study, we investigated the incidence of restless leg syndrome in anemic patients without any other organic disease or drug use, which can cause restless legs syndrome. We also tried to find out if there is a relation between restless legs syndrome, ferritin levels, anxiety and depression. Our retrospective, cross sectional study was made in The Ministry of Health and family medicine, neurology and psychiatry outpatient clinics of Ordu University Education and Research Hospital. 47 patients who were admitted to above mentioned clinics whose ferritin levels were under 50 ng/ml without any other disease and were not on medication (including those indicated for iron deficiency anemia) was included in to the study. All patients were given the Beck depression inventory and Beck anxiety inventory. The patients were questioned in terms of the basic diagnostic criteria established by International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Definitive diagnosis could be established by the patients that meet the four criterias for the diagnosis. International Restless Legs Scale applied to patients diagnosed with RLS. Of 47 patients, 39 were female and 8 were male. 28 (%59.6) of the patients met the criteria of RLS. 28 patients with a diagnosis of RLS; 4 of them mild, 11 of them moderate, 8 of them severe and 5 of them experienced very severe symptoms of RLS. The relationship between the RLS and ferritin levels were checked and there was no statistically significant difference between them. A significant difference was not found in Beck depression scores between patients with and without RLS, but when the groups were compared in terms of Beck anxiety score, there were a significant difference. There was no significant relationship between RLS severity and Beck depression or Beck anxiety scores. RLS can be seen in %5-15 of general population and it is much more likely to emerge in the presence of an organic problem such as iron deficiency anemia. The diagnosis of the disorder is set clinically and RLS had a different significance because it may cause sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. If not questioned, this problem, which is not easily noticeable, can lead to misdiagnosis and misinterpreted as an anxiety disorder or a primary sleep disorder. Therefore the symptoms that could be corrected only by iron deficiency treatment, could be inşamed further by giving antidepressants and hypnotics

Characteristics of electroconvulsive therapy in a university hospital

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate frequency of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) use among hospitalized patients in a psychiatry clinic of university hospital and to determine the diagnostic, socioodemographic features of these ECT treated patients retrospectively. Material and Method: Of 759 inpatients, 32 who was treated with ECT in psychiatry clinic of Ministery of Health and ndash; Ordu University Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. The data evaluated in the study were obtained from patient files retrospectively. Results: Among the 32 (4.21%) patients treated with ECT, 23 (71.9%) were male with a mean age of 44.4 and 9 (28.1%) were female with a mean age of 44.5. The mean hospitization time was 28,7 days in male patients whereas it was 38.33 days in female patients. The mean number of ECT sessions was 9.4 for males and 9.8 for females. Conclusion: ECT treatment was performed in 4.24 % of the patients in our clinic for the past 5.5 years. Although the application is restricted because of false beliefs and prejudiced opinions, ECT is a reliable treatment method with very low risk of serious complications. New methods should be implemented for healthy acknowledgment to overcome these opinions and beliefs about ECT. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(2.000): 242-247

Evaluation of Relationship between Schemas and Panic Disorder through a Case Treated with Schema Therapy

Introduction: Schema therapy (ST) is a form psychoterapy combining existential, cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic and object relation techniques that was developed by Jeffrey Young for personality disorders and severe behavioral pathology which are resistant to other therapy techniques . Altough the technique was originally developed for axis II disorders, in recent years there are studies proving it also being effective in axis I disorders. In this paper we report the schema formulation of a female patient who had an axis I panic disorder with B class personality and chronic life problems. Case: 36 years old female patient with collage degree. She was introduced to the clinic with severe panic attack symptoms which had been effecting her functionality. We started schematherapy for the patient as she had no improvement on her panic disorder symptoms with medical treatment due to her maladaptive schemas and schema modes thet she had used frequently. Her panic attack symptoms dissappeared during the advanced sessions of the treatment as her maladaptive schemas and the schema modes she had been using were emphasized during schema therapy, even though her personal interaction problems continued to exist. She started to deal with life stressors and was able to pacify herself. Discussion: Early maladaptive schemas and inadaptive ways of behaviors that has been developed by patients to handle these schemas may underly the axis I disorder symptoms such as anxiety, depression, drug abuse and psychosomatic disorders. As we look have a look at our patient, it can be said that her seperation with parents before elementary school may have led to her schemas of desertion and distrust and also teacher being over guarding at the levels of harming sovereignty to compensate the absence of the parents forms the basis of schemas of dependence / incompatence, being harmed and weakness against ilnesses. These schemas may be the reason of the patient's inability to handle certain life problems that may be triggering her panic attack symptoms. Schema therapy led to awareness of the patient about her schemas. Patient who had been thought of more functional ways coping instead of inadaptive ways was free of her panic attack symptoms which were resistant to medical treatment. The schema therapy proceess that has been going on with our patient is a good example for schema therapy that was originally developed for treatment for axis II disorders may also be effective for axis 1 disorders. [JCBPR 2014; 3(2.000): 109-115

The relationship between problematic Internet use in adolescents and emotion regulation difficulty and family Internet attitude

The study aims to determine the relationship between problematic Internet use in adolescents and emotion regulation difficulty and family Internet attitude. The study used a descriptive and correlational design. The sample of the study consisted of 5916 students. The data were collected using the "Problematic Internet Use Scale," "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale," "Internet Parental Style Scale." The total score on the Problematic Internet Use Scale was 55.41 +/- 19.60 while the total score on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was 97.51 +/- 17.84. Considering the Internet parental styles, it was found that 42.89% of the parents had a negligent attitude. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis performed, grade level was found to affect problematic Internet use. A highly significant correlation was found between problematic Internet use and emotional regulation difficulties and family control of family Internet attitude (p < 0.01). This study determined that adolescents' grade level and excessive Internet use of the father were effective in the problematic Internet use of the adolescents. Adolescents' difficulties in emotion regulation and the type of families' attitudes towards Internet use were associated with problematic Internet use. In accordance with these results, it can be recommended to form programs to decrease problematic Internet use

The association between symptoms of sexual dysfunction and age at onset in Parkinson's disease

WOS: 000376666600005PubMed ID: 27188193Objective Age at onset in Parkinson's disease (PD) seems to be related nonmotor symptoms. In this study we investigated the effect of the age at onset on symptoms of sexual dysfunction (SSD) in patients with PD. Methods This prospective study comprised 22 consecutive outpatients with early onset PD (EOPD-onset of the disease before 55 years), and 66 outpatients with late onset PD (LOPD-onset of PD over 55 years). They were all recruited from the Department of Movement Disorders, Clinic of Neurology. The diagnosis was established according to the UK PD Brain Bank Criteria by a movement disorders specialist. The Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor was used to assess motor disability and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage was used to establish disease severity. The sexual functions of the patients were rated by applying the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX). Results Thirteen EOPD patients (59.09 %) and 53 of the LOPD patients (80.3 %) (p 0.047) reported dissatisfaction with at least one item of ASEX. There were no differences between H&Y stages (p 0.205) UPDRS total (p 0.267) and motor scores (p 0.100) between groups. LOPD patients had significantly higher ASEX scores than EOPD patients (p 0.001). Interpretation Sexual dysfunciton occurs more frequently and more severely in LOPD than EOPD patients. PD patients with different ages at onset clinically present differently in terms of SSD

Predictors of early or late treatment seeking in patients with social anxiety disorder

BACKGROUND: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is common in the general population and usually begins at an early age. It is well established that patients with SAD rarely seek treatment, and their first treatment contact usually takes many years after onset. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of early and late treatment seeking in patients with SAD

Evaluation of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease between two different regions of Turkey

WOS: 000412255900021PubMed ID: 28869860Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate sexual dysfunction (SD) between two different regions of Turkey in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Patients and methods: Forty-three PD patients in Ordu and 71 patients in Istanbul were included. The Unified PD Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr Stage (HYS) scale were used to assess disease severity. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The sexual functions of the patients were evaluated with applying the Turkish version of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX). Results: Mean age of patients in Istanbul was 67.25 +/- 8.34 years and mean age of patients in Ordu was 67.98 +/- 8.93 (p = 0.66). There was 87.33% SD in Istanbul group and 95.35% in Ordu group (p = 0.20) respectively. In terms of ASEX score, no difference was found between the Istanbul and Ordu groups. ASEX scores were significantly higher in females in both groups. Conclusion: In this study, we have found that living in the different regions of our country does not have an impact on sexual function in PD patients

Age of onset in social anxiety disorder: Relation to clinical variables and major depression comorbidity

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the rates of early-and late-onset social anxiety disorder (SAD) and to investigate the effects of onset time on clinical characteristics and the course of SAD